Retraction Policy 
The decision to retract an article rests solely with the Editor-in-Chief, who may consult the Editorial Board if needed. Retraction may be considered in cases involving data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, duplicate or redundant publication, or other unethical research practices. The process can be initiated upon receiving a formal complaint regarding a published article.

The retraction procedure varies depending on the publication stage of the manuscript. If an article is deemed to warrant retraction, it will be replaced by a revised version clearly marked as "Retracted," and a formal retraction notice will be published in the next available print issue.